In the Greek world, the epidemic is deeply linked to the idea of siege. The archetypal image is offered by the plague narrated by Thucydides (The Peloponnesian War II 49-57). In 430 BC the Spartans raged in the countryside of Attica and the citizens of Athens locked themselves up inside the city walls, while the fleet counterattacked by sea. The balance, a tragic sign of a conflict that will mark the beginning of the end of a civilization, seems to be able to resist.